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Introduction
Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve is the pristine and unique
eco-system situated in the Chandrapur district of the Maharashtra
State of India. The Reserve contains some of the best of forest
tracks and endowed with rich biodiversity. It is famous for its
natural heritage. Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve is the second Tiger
Reserve in the State.
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Conservation
History
Tadoba-andhari
Tiger reserve was created in 1995. The area of the Reserve is
625.40 sq. km. This includes Tadoba National Park, created in
1955 with an area of 116.55 sq. km. and andhari Wildlife Sanctuary
created in 1986 with an area of 508.85 sq. km. The Reserve is
constituted with 577.96 sq. km. Reserve Forest, 32.51 sq. km.
Protected Forest and 14.93 sq. km. other areas.
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Census
|
Animals
|
1994
|
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
| |
|
Tiger
|
36
|
37
|
40
|
42
|
43
|
|
Leopard
|
29
|
24
|
30
|
24
|
15
|
|
Leopard Cat
|
4
|
3
|
3
|
9
|
--
|
|
Jungle Cat
|
45
|
92
|
126
|
55
|
44
|
|
Wild Dog
|
225
|
242
|
257
|
369
|
1758
|
|
Jackal
|
--
|
95
|
--
|
82
|
79
|
|
Sloth Bear
|
136
|
154
|
168
|
213
|
165
|
|
Ratel
|
--
|
--
|
15
|
8
|
1
|
|
Mongoose
|
--
|
--
|
245
|
--
|
184
|
|
Indian Civet
|
43
|
51
|
28
|
16
|
--
|
|
Hyena
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
2
|
5
|
|
Wild Boar
|
1291
|
1484
|
1676
|
2099
|
195
|
|
Spotted Deer
|
2539
|
2909
|
3231
|
2896
|
2039
|
|
Sambar
|
516
|
605
|
673
|
888
|
669
|
|
Barking Deer
|
413
|
629
|
633
|
615
|
512
|
|
Indian Bison
|
619
|
683
|
746
|
820
|
1052
|
|
Blue Bull
|
146
|
192
|
234
|
284
|
228
|
|
Four-hornedAntelope
|
85
|
125
|
154
|
149
|
145
|
|
Indian Pangolin
|
4
|
16
|
12
|
14
|
2
|
|
Porcupine
|
7
|
26
|
49
|
30
|
22
|
|
Langoor
|
1203
|
1832
|
2335
|
3296
|
2770
|
Offence cases
|
Year
|
Illicit cutting
|
Grazing |
Fire |
Encroachment |
Wildlife |
Other |
Total
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Forest
Types
Southern
tropical Dry Deciduous Forest - 5A-CI-1B
Major
Flora
Main
Species
Teak,
Ain, Bija, Dhauda, Haldu, Salai, Semal, Tendu and bamboo.
Major
Fauna
Main
Species
Tiger,
Leopard, Sloth Bear, Gaur or Indian Bison, Rusty Spotted Cat,
Ratel, Indian mouse deer, Spotted deer, Sambar, Wild Boar, Four
horned antelope, Wild dog, Flying Squirrel etc.
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Management
Practices,
Achievements and Shortfalls
The
Management Plan for Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve for the period
1997-98 to 2006-2007 has been approved by the Chief Conservator
of Forests (Wildlife). Management inputs as prescribed in
the
plan have been initiated since 1997-98.
Protection is most important management input in the Reserve.
A novel method of protecting the forest with the help of tribal
youth from the six
villages
within the andhari Sanctuary has been initiated. Fifteen patrolling
parties have been formed in which along with the field staff,
3 village protection force volunteers have been assigned the
job of daily patrolling the Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve and
help in curbing all illegal activities. These volunteers are
kept for a maximum of three months for which wages are given
as per available grants. However, after three months fresh young
tribal are taken as members of the village protection force
so that all the families of the six villages get some wages
for their livelihood and feel a sense of responsibility for
protection of the Reserve.
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Special Projects
The
study of regeneration status of different plant species .
The crop composition in the Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve .
Eco-development
Under
the Maharashtra Forestry Project funded by the World Bank, ecodevelopment
activities have been taken up in ten villages situated on the
periphery of the Reserve.
Village Forest Protection Committees
No
village Forest Protection Committee has been formed. However,
the village Eco-development Executive Committees have a reciprocal
agreement with the Reserve management for protection of the
Reserve in lieu of the village ecodevelopment inputs received.
Education and Awareness
In
the Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve on the eve of the Wildlife
Week children up to high school standard from nearby villages
and town are brought by Reserve bus to Tadoba and given environment
and wildlife education and quiz tests are organised.
Street plays with help of local nature clubs like Rhino Nature
Club are arranged, round the year, in different villages around
the Tadoba-andhari Tiger Reserve.
Nature awareness camps of children from nearby villages and
towns are organised with the help of local nature clubs like
Vidarbha Nature and Human Science Center at Tadoba periodically.
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Constraints
Human population
There
is no human population in core zone. There are 41644 people
in and around the Reserve in 59 villages.
Livestock population
There
is no cattle population in core zone. there are 41820 livestock
population.
Encroachment
None
Grazing
Grazing
is not allowed on core zone. Regulated grazing is allowed in buffer
zone to the inhabitants of villages in the buffer zone. The cattle
of peripheral villages sneak in to the Reserve and cause damage
to the habitat.
Fire
Fire
incidences in the Reserve
| Year |
No of cases |
Total Area |
% of area to the Total area of P.A. |
| 1993 |
109 |
1397.130 |
2.40% |
| 1994 |
45 |
9602.000 |
16.555 |
| 1995 |
58 |
207.000 |
0.35% |
| 1996 |
49 |
4271.180 |
7.36% |
| 1997 |
45 |
5241.720 |
9.03% |
Poaching of fauna and flora
Poaching
of fauna
| Year Total |
Sambar
|
S.Deer
|
Hare
|
Nilgai
|
Wild Boar
|
Total
|
| 1993-94 |
4
|
2
|
2
|
|
|
8
|
| 1994-95 |
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
4
|
| 1995-96 |
2
|
|
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|
2
|
| 1996-97 |
1
|
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1
|
| 1997-98 |
|
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1
|
|
1
|
Diseases
None
Control of the Buffer
The
buffer zone is under the unified management of the Reserve.
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Conflicts
Man-Animal
Killing
of domestic livestock by tigers and leopards is a frequent phenomenon
in the area where there are villages. This usually has an adverse
impact on the economic condition of the local people. This results
into antagonism towards the management.
Human and livestock killed by tiger and
leopard
| Year |
Human
|
Cattle
|
| 1992 |
2
|
54
|
| 1993 |
--
|
37
|
| 1994 |
3
|
44
|
| 1995 |
--
|
25
|
| 1996 |
3
|
35
|
| 1997 |
--
|
14
|
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Action
Points
1.
To consolidate the area by expeditious completion of inquiry,
settlement process and relocation of villages.
2.
Permanent demarcation of boundary and also protecting the boundary
at places by trench cum mound devices.
3.
Strengthen the protection status by providing extra manpower,
vehicle, and communication system and involving people in protection.
4. Development of infrastructure likes roads, buildings etc.
5. Habitat improvement work. 6. Reducing dependency of people
on the Reserve by ecodevelopment. 7. Research on different aspects
of wildlife.
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